Harassment Of Women On Cairo Streets
Kim
Warning: While most of my posts are General Audience, this post has some material that you may not want young children reading.
Sexual Harassment on the streets of Cairo is a common topic that comes up whenever a couple of women here in Egypt meet up, online or in someone's home.
There are those that say that it isnt really bad, incidents of rape are so low compared to the US, what's the harm in a little cat calling? The problem is that if you ignore the cat calling, it then turns to men masturbating at the sight of a women (I've had friends who said they saw their taxi drivers masturbating with one hand while driving with the other, simply because a foreign looking woman got into the back seat of their car), groping (which happens in a lot of cases) and could eventually by progression lead to rape if this malaise is not stopped in its tracks.
I've posted before, about Sexual Harassment but its mostly been newspaper articles or other people's experiences. Few women choose to detail their own humiliation for dissection to the world (its a different matter between close friends who understand and have gone through the same - that is in a way, slightly therapeautic)
When I last traveled to Dubai in March, most papers were filled with the news of 2 construction worker immigrants who were facing court proceedings for cat calling/ whistling at a South East Asian maid.
Points to be noted about Dubai.
1. Women (foreigners/expats) here cover far less than the majority of women in Egypt. (think tank tops and shorts to the maximum, off shoulder, backless, low necklines are pretty common too)
2. This is a muslim majority country and local Emirati women are predominantly dressed in the black abaya type hijab. Fully covered black robes and heads/hair covered.
3. There is a high number of single men - men who have left their wives behind in home countries because they cannot afford to bring them over when they are here on long work contracts/ unmarried men.
4. There is a large population of hired labour living in what would be considered as Below Poverty Line status in the rest of the world.
All of these have been used as excuses to brush away sexual harassment in Egypt, yet Sexual harassment in Dubai overall is not even 0.1% of what "I" face in Egypt on a daily basis.
Why? Mainly because authorities take action about any such complaint. The law is tough and it is applied without fail. No excuses.
I'm not saying that everything about Dubai culture is perfect or everything about Egypt is imperfect (I've lived in Egypt for 3 years) but harassment on the roads makes me tend to avoid going out unless absolutely necessary or in a large group of friends. I know a lot of expat women in Egypt who are here on husbands postings, who do not visit anywhere that is not an expat dominated location for fear of being assaulted. While such fears may not be justified, it is a real feeling that these women live with daily.
A closer look at my wardrobe, shows me much higher necks and back lines than 3 years ago. Sleeves below the elbows, loose fitting semi-shapeless clothes. Visiting Lebanon and Dubai makes me realise how much I have changed my own style of dressing to suit this country. (Not that I ever wore plunging necklines to work in India, but they didnt all end above my collar bone either) Changing the way I dress, was just one of the adaptations to blend into the culture and surroundings in Egypt.
My husband and I both love traveling around the country/city and discovering hidden gems of cultural, architectural and historical interest which takes us into sometimes weird areas. Our driver/translator despairs when 'Madame' wants to visit Souk al Gumma (The second-hand Friday market) and other such areas, which he tells me even his mother and sister who have lived in Cairo all their lives, avoid.
But a part of the charm and beauty of living in another country is to explore its nooks and crannies. Unfortunately in Egypt, exploration into some of these nooks and crannies brings a lot of unwanted attention and in many cases, especially if my husband isnt with me, harassment both verbal and sometimes physical. So one has to be extra careful about where one goes, with whom one goes and what kind of clothes one is wearing.
Fortunately, not being cursed with blond hair, white skin and blue eyes, the harassment that I face is less than those who look "foreign" even if they are conservatively dressed.
Yes, making a scene helps and you don't need to speak in Arabic. I remember generally strolling around the pyramids alone when my husband went inside one of them (I'm claustrophobic and chose to not go in) one of those camel ride guys was persistently trying to get my attention. As is the case with most touts in the pyramids area (I have visited over 25 times in the last 3 years) I continued to ignore him, as though I couldn't understand him and refused to make eye contact. (this may seem rude, but works in most cases of persistent touts) Usually after 3-4 tries they leave me alone. This guy actually touched my hand and attempted to give me the riding whip/stick for the camel. While his gesture was not sexual, he was still "touching" me without my permission and when I had given him absolutely no reason to believe I was interested.
In Egypt, Egyptian women will never permit a strange man to ever touch them, so why do they think it is ok with tourists/foreigners? Anyhow I screamed at him in English "How dare you touch me, what do you think of yourself, what gives you the right to even touch me?" Nothing abusive, nothing indecent. In English and loudly. It was enough to make the people around stop and look and stare at the man. There was nothing confrontational about my attitude. I just made a noise to attract the attention of other people around to what was clearly something this camel guy should not have been doing. He immediately apologised and slunk away. The incident shocked him (I train people in NLP and Body language, so I KNOW he was shocked) and I doubt he will be touching any women any time soon.
But why do foreign women coming to/visiting Egypt allow these men to touch them, hand on shoulders, holding hands (not shaking hands) People whom they have just met in a shop, not people they know. They would not allow men in their home country to impose on their personal space this way, but yet some of them are perceivably ok when it happens to them in a new country. Any theories?
Point to be noted. Most of the harassment, my friends & I have faced, has been in Cairo. Men in Luxor, Aswan, Alexandria (unless during the Cairene summer invasion), Dahab, Sharm el Sheikh, Hurghada, Abu Simbel, Bahariyya, Siwa, Sinai have been way more respectful of women.
Harassment Of Women On Cairo Streets
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- » Published on June 24, 2009
- » Type: Opinion
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- » This is part of a regular feature, Misrallaneous.
Author: Kim
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Kim blogs on a variety of subjects on her many blogs :
Deepti Lamba
URL
June 24, 2009
10:18 AM
Kim, there used to be a sicko who used to masturbate outside our college and guess what no one reported him. He used to stand in a corner look at the building and be at it.
Some dudes also behaved similarly outside my school and were caught by the cops.
Frankly I think these sickos need to be locked away in asylums.
smallsquirrel
June 24, 2009
10:43 AM
The sexual harassment and assault of women in Egypt is well documented. Even native Egyptian women lament their situation. It makes no difference how you are dressed (although, clearly, wearing booty shorts will eventually make you more of a target), even women in abayas are pinched and groped.
As to why foreigners stay quiet? Well, they do not understand local customs as well as they should, and fear offending someone who is just trying to be kind. They do not know that no man in Egypt would touch a woman they do not know, so they feel like maybe it is just some kind of welcoming gesture. Or maybe they want to believe that. Dunno. But it really irresponsible on their part to be ignorant of the culture and norms before heading off to a foreign country. Not to blame the victim, but one should know what is "normal" so one can react accordingly.
I will say that I have almost never been groped in the US (we have scores of other issues, but this one is less common). I can remember only one time where it happened. In India, I was groped pretty regularly. I learned how to react quickly. But I will admit that the first time some random guy purposely brushed against my breast in public, I was silent. I had not earthly idea how to react because I was shocked. I got over that quickly, but really, it takes time to get your bearings in a foreign land.
PS, foreign women who wear inappropriate clothing in Dubai are MORONS. I am not saying that they should wear a burqua, but long pants or a long skirt and a shirt with at the very least short sleeves that does not hug the body are the minimum I would expect. it is pretty disrespectful to run around there in shorts and a tank top. WTF?
Kim
URL
June 24, 2009
10:56 AM
Dee, I know what you mean, but at least in India when it comes to masturbation in public places, there are some repercussions.
In Egypt there are absolutely none. A friend mentioned that a professor of Gender studies stated in a lecture last year that there are at least 24,000 rapes in Egypt each year (I don't know where she got her figures from, but I could check) and hardly 1 or 2 are ever reported, because the system makes it seem like it is all the woman's fault.
SS, I get your point of not realising what is culturally acceptable in a new country. But in my opinion and experience a woman should stand up for her basic rights no matter which country she is in and personal space is one of those rights. If it isnt ok in your own country which in the case of "Western Nations" are supposedly more open and liberal, why would they think that infringement on private space is ok in a culturally conservative country.
Given that, while I was on project in the Egyptian museum, women from a certain part of the world were noted for arriving as tourists in neeted tops and micro shorts, often wearing little else underneath. While they create quite a stir wherver they go, they tend to stick to their tour group and get left alone. Whereas women in abayas and even niqab get groped in some parts of this city.
smallsquirrel
June 24, 2009
11:23 AM
Kim, I hear ya. But not everyone is as self-assured as you or I.
Also, people have very different ideas about personal space. My family is from Italy. We often touch people we do not know, and we touch people we DO know all the time (read: hang all over each other). So honestly if I were in Egypt or anywhere else and someone touched me, it would be on a case by case basis on whether or not I would be offended. If the person made me uncomfortable, I would be offended, if the person meant nothing by it, I probably would not be.
But we cannot expect all women to have the ability (or the want) to behave exactly as we would. People need to form their own thresholds.
Kim
URL
June 24, 2009
03:58 PM
Your point makes sense to me SS.
I've lived in the US and there personal space is much higher as compared to India. A lot of European countries too have much broader personal space, so I acknowledge that I was generalising "Westerners" and their need for personal space.
Kaiser_Soze
June 24, 2009
08:56 PM
Arab culture in Middle East and especially North Africa is a very promiscous one. My first dirty novel(actually non-fiction) was 'The Cradle of Erotica'. A collection of works by famous anthropologists like Sir Richard Burton and others.
While most of orient was covered in that book, North Africa was the ranchiest. The incidents Kim has mentioned is PG-13 in comparison to what is written in that book.
As far as Dubai is concerned, I found it surpisingly trendy. Even Arab girls were fashionably attired.
smallsquirrel
June 25, 2009
06:40 AM
so let me get this straight, Kaiser... you think you can generalize all behavior in all arab cultures cause you read some Burton tales?
wow.
Kaiser_Soze
June 25, 2009
08:06 AM
Smallsquirrel...@7
My post should have started and ended with "Popular perceptions of......".
Don't worry all cultures have some kind of promiscuity built into into them in equal measure and Arab culture is no exception. So don't get your chaddis into a politically correct twist.
nagla
June 25, 2009
09:46 AM
Thank you for your article and the comments. I am an Egyptian woman who lived most of my life in Egypt with the exception of some years in Canada. Growing up in Egypt I was subject to groping and other forms of sexual harassment on the streets one too many times, going far back to the time I was 12. I see the root of the problem to lie in the blatant disrespect for the woman's body. The flip side of the coin is the woman's own sense of shame about her body which makes her want (or accept) to cover it all up. As a teenager three decades ago, it took me time to realize that my body (having curves, in particular!) was nothing to be ashamed of, that looking good was not a sin, and more importantly, that no one was to blame for such actions but those wackos with distorted minds. The sad part is that I found myself explaining to my daughter that she had to dress modestly if she were to walk in Cairo streets, for how else could we ensure her safety? Sad.
Deepti Lamba
URL
June 25, 2009
11:34 AM
Nagla, even modestly dressed women are not left alone and this is something we all have experienced.
nagla
June 25, 2009
11:40 AM
Agree totally Dee.
temporal
URL
June 26, 2009
04:31 PM
kim:
there was a 'lament' by a cairene about groping and verbal abuses ... i excerpted it on baithak without mentioning the city and rhetorically asked the readers to name the country
one commentator said it could be any city in india or pakistan
ss (no surprise there) agree with your comments:)
Kim
URL
June 26, 2009
06:39 PM
hmm interesting.
I think the reason I stopped getting harassed in India, was that I avoided crowds like melas, Bombay local stations etc. in the last few years. (Fortunately I am now at a stage where I can afford to not put myself in crowds in India.)
The 2nd point is that as SS pointed out, I am now much more self-assured. I am also much more aware of my surroundings and have extremely aggressive body language if I am in an atmosphere where something like this could happen. Plus the advantage in India is that speaking a few of its langauges, I know when to scream and what to scream at a perpetrator to scare them off.
Its always tougher in a new place where you can't speak the local language fluently enough to garner crowd support.
smallsquirrel
June 26, 2009
07:34 PM
Kim, that is only part of the equation. sometimes your body language is aggressive and there is a kind of man that sees that as a challenge. I knew the local language in bangalore and am very self-assured and yet... full on breast grabs right on MG road... more than once.
I think we get a false sense of security also. please understand that not all victims are meek and mild. Some men just don't give a shit.
But for the most part, Kim, you and I are in agreement. but in the end I think the thing to remember is that it is not about hte victim, it is usually about the perpetrator wanting control. it's like why old women and young kids get raped.. it is not about sex, but more about control.
Kim
URL
June 27, 2009
10:06 PM
I agree with you SS on the perpetrator wanting control and then the only defense against such a predator is not to appear vulnerable or attract his attention in any way.
Unfortunately in these parts of the world, the onus is on women not to become victims as there is not much recourse once victimised.
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