Eastern Standard Tribe - Identity In A Place So Foreign
Aaman Lamba
Wonsaponatime, as the poet said, my village defined me, then it was my tribe, then my state, then my country. In the impermanent global flux, does it matter any more where I'm from, where I'm going? As Cory Doctorow has it, do we belong to where we are, or do we belong to Eastern Standard Tribe?
Nowadays, who I am is related to where I am. My identity is formed by the history of my place of birth, and where I grew up, but my current location creates an affinity that I must adhere to, often at the cost of my place of naissance.
Being post-colonial (I was born and raised in India), I feel this acutely. Time Magazine had an article a few years ago on Indian English writers (like myself) - The Empire Writes Back. But more on post-colonialism later.
To be on the web further dislocates the identity from the location. Everyman is everyplace. The reader can be in the mind, and in the place of the writer. Transnational perspectives are the only ones that apply any more. Robert Cooper expands on this idea in his compact and powerful book, The Breaking Of Nations.
Cooper argues that two revolutionary forces are transforming international relations: the breakdown of state control over violence, reflected in the growing ability of tiny private groups to wield weapons of mass destruction, and the rise of a stable, peaceful order in Europe that is not based on either the balance of power or the sovereignty of independent states. In this scheme, the Westphalian system of nation-states and power politics is being undermined on both sides — by a postmodern Europe and a premodern world of failed states and post-imperial chaos.
Ref: Thomas Hardy, In Time of "Breaking Of Nations"
Tennyson presaged this in The Idylls of the King,
There at the banquet those great Lords from Rome,
The slowly-fading mistress of the world,
Strode in, and claimed their tribute as of yore.
But Arthur spake, `Behold, for these have sworn
To wage my wars, and worship me their King;
The old order changeth, yielding place to new;
And we that fight for our fair father Christ,
Seeing that ye be grown too weak and old
To drive the heathen from your Roman wall,
No tribute will we pay:' so those great lords
Drew back in wrath, and Arthur strove with Rome
Asian cultures tend to be more insular, in part because of the historical inward-looking mindset. As Felipe Fernandez-Ernesto showed in Millenium, and Jared Diamond in Guns, Germs and Steel, societies flower and grow from the intermingling with other cultures, and these external influences change the host culture, as much as changing the original society.
Artists and the creative class are most prone to mobility and adoption of external influences. They have often reinvented their persona based on their country of adoption in preference to their country of birth.
Hemingway's preference for Europe, particularly Spain, in no way diminished his American roots, or American attitudes. Other artists, such as, Mark Knopfler have become more American than British. A similar adoption, though in the reverse colonial direction was Sir Nirad Chaudhuri, who became very British - so much so as to write "The Autobiography Of An Unknown Indian", and dedicate it to
"To the memory of the British Empire in India, which conferred subjecthood upon us but withheld citizenship; to which yet every one of us threw out the challenge "Civis Britannicus sum" [I am a British citizen] because all that was good and living within us was made, shaped, and quickened by the same British rule."
Cultural affinity often, especially for the adoptee, translates to cultural exceptionalism. This is when the culture is treated as better, superior or more refined. The French are the most guilty of overweening pride, going so far as to raise protests against the opening of Disneyland in Paris, and calling it a "Cultural Chernobyl". The overlooking of European themes in Disney classics, such as Snow White, Sleeping Beauty & Fantasia is de rigeur. An excellent article on this theme is at The New Criterion
Contrary to what Jacques Chirac maintained, globalization is not a "cultural steamroller." It is and always has been an engine of enrichment. Think, for example, how the French artistic sensibility was revitalized by the discovery--or rather fuller knowledge--of Japanese painting afforded at the end of the nineteenth century, or by the arrival in France of African art ten or twenty years later.
No one knows how the Flat World will look ten or twenty years from now, but the global genie is out of it's lamp, and blending together the cultures, crises and conflicts in a time of change.
Eastern Standard Tribe - Identity In A Place So Foreign
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Vikas Chowdhry
URL
February 28, 2006
01:08 AM
Aaman: Just the other day, the conservative columnist David Brooks pondered over similar issues. He has come to the conclusion that technology has accentuated the cultural identities and differences. I quote here:
Once, not that long ago, economics was the queen of the social sciences. Human beings were assumed to be profit-maximizing creatures, trending toward reasonableness. As societies grew richer and more modern, it was assumed, they would become more secular. As people became better educated, primitive passions like tribalism and nationalism would fade away and global institutions would rise to take their place. As communications technology improved, there would be greater cooperation and understanding. As voters became more educated, they would become more independent-minded and rational.
None of these suppositions turned out to be true. As the world has become richer and better educated, religion hasn't withered; it has become stronger and more fundamentalist. Nationalism and tribalism haven't faded away. Instead, transnational institutions like the U.N. and the European Union are weak and in crisis.
Communications technology hasn't brought people closer together; it has led to greater cultural segmentation, across the world and even within the United States. Education hasn't made people moderate and independent-minded. In the U.S. highly educated voters are more polarized than less educated voters, and in the Arab world some of the most educated people are also the most fanatical.
Aaman
URL
February 28, 2006
01:11 AM
Interesting, do you have the link?
Of late, the conservatives have been appearing, well, more conservative, and less neo-conservative:)
Vikas Chowdhry
URL
February 28, 2006
01:14 AM
Here's the link but it is behind TimesSelect.
As for conservatives, I think they've finally getting their senses back and getting out of the cult of Bush where they had to agree to everything that Mr. Bush would say.
Anil Menon
URL
February 28, 2006
09:36 PM
Aaman, one of those blogs that makes you think.
Benedict Anderson in his "Imagined Communities" might be relevant. It is something of a locus classicus I believe. He saw it as a tussle between the politics of identity and the politics of interests. Identities split when there are no longer common interests; obversely, when there are common interests, new identities get forged.
I think Brooks overstates his case (Thanks for the link, Vikas). For example, the claim that religion has become stronger. As my Complexity prof liked to ask when people made these claims: compared to what? Peter Berger pointed out in "The Heretical Imperative" that the very fact you can now *choose* your religion indicates how bizarre the world has become. 'Heresy' evolved from a word meaning 'choice.' We're all heretics now.
Conservatives like Brooks have always reached for comforting indications of a revenant past. But I think you're right, Aaman; the past is only a boundary condition. We -- including fundamentalists -- now actually have to choose what we believe in; it's the degree of belief that makes someone a fundamentalist, not the lack of a choice or the type of belief.
Andrew Morris
URL
November 10, 2006
02:31 AM
Aaman - thanks for the link to this piece. Particularly liked this:
"Nowadays, who I am is related to where I am. My identity is formed by the history of my place of birth, and where I grew up, but my current location creates an affinity that I must adhere to, often at the cost of my place of naissance."
I would add that who I am is also related to who I am with. Wales plays very little part in that image now. Even the UK - all I have to do is meet a bunch of UK expats to remind me exactly why I left. My identity is more through linkages with people and ideas. Thank God we have the net. I feel more in common with Chomsky, Jan Coetzee, Germaine Greer and, for example, Desigirl (none of whom I've ever met) than with half the people who live on my street back home. Although for them I'm sure that 'locus' would be a key factor in one's own identity.
Buddhism maintains of course that it's all fluid anyway. Which makes birthplace almost irrelevant.
Interesting piece!
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